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Was the moon landing faked? Did Shakespeare actually pen his works? And were the pyramids really built by aliens? In History's Greatest Conspiracies, Rob Attar takes a deep dive into the theories in the company of expert historians to uncover if there's any truth behind the murky myths. History’s Greatest Conspiracy Theories is produced by the team behind BBC History Magazine. For more fascinating stories from the past, head to HistoryExtra, the home of ‘History’s Greatest’ podcasts. There y ...
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Dr Mohsen al Attar

Mohsen al Attar

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My podcast is a hotchpotch. You will mostly find lectures on law: international law, international economic law, legal theory, and, my favourite, TWAIL. But I also upload discussions on undergraduate and postgraduate studies focusing, principally, on the skills needed to succeed in either endeavour. My goal is one upload a week. I may fall short of this and you are welcome to rap me over the knuckles if I do, hopefully more gently than the Jesuit nuns did in primary school. If you have any q ...
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Looking for the best attar store in Panchkula? Visit Ittar Hub, your one-stop destination for premium-quality, handcrafted attars and perfumes. We offer a wide range of natural and long-lasting fragrances for both men and women. Whether you prefer traditional or modern scents, we have something unique for every personality. Shop online or visit our store for exclusive blends at affordable prices. Experience purity, tradition, and elegance in every drop.
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On 20 July 1969, American astronaut Neil Armstrong famously took one giant leap for mankind. The moon landing may well be the most iconic moment of the 20th century, but did it even happen at all? Might NASA and the US government have been so desperate to overtake the Soviets in the space race that they faked the entire thing? In the final episode …
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In the early 14th century, the Knights Templar were suppressed, and the 200-year history of this military religious order came to an abrupt end. Or did it? What if some of the Templars escaped persecution, and continued to operate secretly until the present, holding on to precious religious relics and maybe even discovering America? In this episode…
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First published in Russia in 1903, The Protocols of the Elders of Zion purported to demonstrate evidence of a global Jewish conspiracy. Though it has repeatedly been proven to be a forgery, the text has helped fuel antisemitism across the world, from Henry Ford in America, to Nazi Germany and anti-Jewish hatred today. In this episode of History’s G…
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In her most famous speech, delivered on 9 August 1588, Queen Elizabeth I declared that she had the "heart and stomach of a king". Was that just rhetoric? Or could England’s iconic Tudor queen actually have been a man masquerading as a woman? In this episode of History’s Greatest Conspiracy Theories, Tudor historian Tracy Borman speaks to Rob Attar …
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Looking for the best attar store in Panchkula? Visit Ittar Hub, your one-stop destination for premium-quality, handcrafted attars and perfumes. We offer a wide range of natural and long-lasting fragrances for both men and women. Whether you prefer traditional or modern scents, we have something unique for every personality. Shop online or visit our…
  continue reading
 
On 7 December 1941, Japan attacked the US naval base at Pearl Harbor. It’s one of the most notorious surprise attacks in history, but how much of a surprise actually was it? Did President Franklin Roosevelt know that the attack was coming and even encourage it as a means of propelling the US into World War Two? In the first episode of season 2 of H…
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Did NASA fake the moon landing? Did the Knights Templar discover America? And was Elizabeth I really a man in disguise? In Season 2 of History's Greatest Conspiracy Theories, Rob Attar is joined by expert historians to explore how these theories came about and whether any of them might actually be true. History’s Greatest Conspiracy Theories is pro…
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In light of the recent announcement that President Trump has ordered the release of classified files surrounding JFK’s assassination, we’re bringing you three episodes delving into the case. In this third episode, recorded in April 2024, Rob Attar puts more listeners’ questions about the assassination to author and journalist Gerald Posner. Who did…
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In light of the recent announcement that President Trump has ordered the release of classified files surrounding JFK’s assassination, we’re bringing you three episodes delving into the case. In this second episode, recorded in April 2024, Rob Attar rejoins the investigative journalist Gerald Posner to tackle your questions about the assassination a…
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On 22 November 1963, President John F Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas. Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested and charged with the murder, but, over the past 60 years, millions of people have come to believe that Oswald was just a small cog in a wider plot to murder the president. In light of the recent announcement that President Trump has ordered the …
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Poisoned sweets. Criminal misdeeds. And a sex scandal involving… the prime-minister. Listen to HistoryExtra's new podcast History’s Greatest Scandals, delving into the murky underworld of The Victorians. Ellie Cawthorne and historian Professor Rosalind Crone take a journey through the backstreets of 19th-century Britain to explore the darker side o…
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In July 1947, some unusual debris was discovered at Roswell Army Air Field in New Mexico. Was this the remains of a crashed military balloon, or something from much, much further away? Has the US government spent the past 75 years hiding proof of alien life from us all? In our series on history’s most well-known conspiracy theories, Dr David Clarke…
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In the fifth episode of our series on history’s most well-known conspiracy theories, we investigate the idea that a highly advanced civilisation existed many thousands of years ago, before being wiped out by a calamitous event. Rob Attar speaks to archaeologist Flint Dibble about the ancient Greek origins of the Atlantis legend and how it has been …
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Many people don’t believe that William Shakespeare was the real author of the plays attributed to him. But why? And could there be any truth behind the idea? In episode four of our new series on history’s most well-known conspiracy theories, Shakespeare expert Dr Paul Edmondson speaks to Rob Attar about the alternative candidates that have been put…
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In the third episode of our series on some of history’s most well-known conspiracy theories, we examine the suggestion that one of Tsar Nicholas II’s daughters – Anastasia – survived the family’s murder by the Bolsheviks in 1918. Speaking with Rob Attar, historian Helen Rappaport explains why people believe that Anastasia escaped and what recent sc…
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Could Ancient Egypt’s most iconic monuments have been built with extraterrestrial assistance? In the second episode of our series on some of history’s most well-known conspiracy theories, we delve into the idea that aliens helped built the pyramids. In conversation with Rob Attar, Egyptologist Joyce Tyldesley explores the origins of the theory and …
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Did Adolf Hitler really make it out of the bunker alive at the end of the Second World War? In the first episode of our series on some of history’s most well-known conspiracy theories, we explore the idea that Hitler outlasted the downfall of the Third Reich in 1945 and began a new life overseas in South America. In conversation with Rob Attar, his…
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Was the moon landing faked? Did Shakespeare actually pen his works? And were the pyramids really built by aliens? In History's Greatest Conspiracies, Rob Attar takes a deep dive into the theories in the company of expert historians to uncover if there's any truth behind the murky myths. Series 1 begins Tuesday 29th October 2024 with new episodes we…
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Musharraf al-Din Mosleh ibn Abdullah ibn Musharraf, ambaye baadaye alijulikana kama Saadi Shirazi, ni mmoja kati ya malenga na mshairi mkubwa na mashuhuri nchini Iran.Wanahistoria wanaamini kwamba Saadi Shirazi alizaliwa kati ya mwaka 600 na 610 Hijiria (sawa na takriban mwaka 1210 Miladia). Walakini, hakuna tarehe kamili inayojulikana ya kuzaliwa …
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ATTAR NEYSHABURI MALENGA WA KIIRANI Tarehe 25 Farvardin kwa mujibu wa ( Kalenda ya Kiirani) inayosadifiana na tarehe 14 Aprili, ni siku ya kumkumbuka na kumuadhimisha malenga wa Kiirani Farid al-Din Abu Hamid Muhammad bin Abu Bakr Ibrahim bin Is- haq Attar Neyshabouri, ambaye ni mmoja wa washairi mashuhuri, aaref na mwanafikra mkubwa wa Kiirani ali…
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Jumatatu ya Tarehe 21 Machi 2022 Miladia inayosadifiana na tarehe (Mosi / Farvardin 1401) ni siku ya kuanza mwaka mpya wa Kiirani wa Hijria Shamsia. Siku hii ambayo hujulikana kama Nowruz, ni mwanzo wa sherehe za kale na za muda mrefu na matawi yake yameenea katika kona mbalimbali za Dunia hadi Afrika Mashariki. Asili ya sherehe za Mwaka Kogwa huko…
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Jamaluddin Abu Mohammad hakuweza kupata upendo wa wazazi wake kwa muda mrefu; kwani wazazi wake walifariki dunia akiwa bado mtoto na kupata malezi akiwa mtoto yatima. Ushahidi wa kihistoria unaonyesha kuwa, Nezami Ganjavi hakuwahi kuondoka katika mji wa Ganja akiwa bado na umri mdogo, na alipofikia marika ya ujana , aliweza kujifunza sanaa na ujuzi…
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kumbukizi ya miaka 2 ya shujaa mpigania haki na amani Haj Qassem Suleimani, ambapo aliuiliwa Shahidi na Majeshi dhalimu ya Marekeni mjiini Baghdad nchini Iraq. Kamanda Soleimani ambaye amepewa lakabu ya bwana wa mashahidi wa muqawama, katika umri wake wote uliojaa baraka na akiwa kamanda wa IRGC, alikuwa mstari wa mbele kuyasaidia na kuyaunga mkono…
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MIAKA MIWILI YA KUMBUKIZI YA KIFO CHA LUTENI JENERALI QASSEM SOLEIMANI Usiku wa manane wa kuamkia Ijumaa 3 Januari Mwaka 2020, wakati anga ya jiji la Baghdad mji mkuu wa Iraq ikiwa tulivu, ghafla watu wa mji huo walishtushwa na kuamshwa na milio ya milipuko na kuwafanya waingiwe na taharuki wakidhani kuwa kundi la kigaidi la ISIS limeushambulia ten…
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Kwa maelfu ya miaka sasa, Wairani wamekuwa wakisherehekea usiku wa mwisho wa msimu wa mapukutiko (maarufu kama Shabe Yalda) kwa kutekeleza mila na desturi katika miji mbalimbali nchini Iran, usiku unaotajwa kuwa ni mrefu zaidi wa mwaka na wenye giza nene mno. Historia inaeleza kuwa, sherehe ya usiku wa Yalda ilianza zama za kale mno, na wala haifah…
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Ten years after the migration (Hijrah), the Islamic prophet Muhammad ordered his followers to call upon people everywhere to join him in his last pilgrimage. Islamic scholars believe more than seventy thousand people followed Muhammad on his way to Mecca, where, on the fourth day of the month of Dhu'l-Hijjah, there were more than one hundred thousa…
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According to Islamic sources, the event of Mubahala was a meeting between the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a Christian delegation from Najran (present-day Saudi Arabia), in the month of Dhu'l-Hijja, 10 AH (October 631, October 631–32, October 632–33), where Muhammad called for invoking a curse to reveal who was lying about their religious differenc…
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Jina lake ni Imam Ghiyathu-ud-Din Abu al-Fat’h Umar ibn Ibrahim Khayyam Neyshabouri alikuwa ni mmoja wa wasomi wakubwa, wa hisabati na mashairi wa Uajemi ambayo ni nchi ya Iran kwa sasa. alizaliwa huko Neishabour mwishoni mwa karne ya tano na mwanzoni mwa karne ya sita. Mwaka halisi wa kuzaliwa kwake haujulikani.. Aliitwa Khayyam kwa sababu Baba ya…
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Financial globalisation is convoluted. To navigate the architecture that facilitates flows of cross-border finance, it is necessary to understand a little (perhaps a lot) about the nature of commercial activity, monetary and fiscal policy, and global political economy, topics partially covered in this podcast. Central to the growth of commercial ac…
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Financial globalisation is convoluted. To navigate the architecture that facilitates flows of cross-border finance, it is necessary to understand a little (perhaps a lot) about the nature of commercial activity, monetary and fiscal policy, and global political economy, topics partially covered in this podcast. Central to the growth of commercial ac…
  continue reading
 
What is neoliberalism? David Harvey provides a simple treatise on the ideology: the introduction of competitive market forces into historically non-market spheres. Since the days of democratic capitalism, healthcare, education, electricity, and water provision were the purview of public actors. This made sense. As necessities of life, these would b…
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What is neoliberalism? David Harvey provides a simple treatise on the ideology: the introduction of competitive market forces into historically non-market spheres. Since the days of democratic capitalism, healthcare, education, electricity, and water provision were the purview of public actors. This made sense. As necessities of life, these would b…
  continue reading
 
What is neoliberalism? David Harvey provides a simple treatise on the ideology: the introduction of competitive market forces into historically non-market spheres. Since the days of democratic capitalism, healthcare, education, electricity, and water provision were the purview of public actors. This made sense. As necessities of life, these would b…
  continue reading
 
What is neoliberalism? David Harvey provides a simple treatise on the ideology: the introduction of competitive market forces into historically non-market spheres. Since the days of democratic capitalism, healthcare, education, electricity, and water provision were the purview of public actors. This made sense. As necessities of life, these would b…
  continue reading
 
Cotton is a subtropical plant that grows just north of the Equator and across three continents: Africa, the Americas, and Asia. Despite European familiarity with cotton—thanks to Muslim and Asian traders—Europeans could not grow cotton. The cotton products they obtained were already manufactured, denying them the greatest added-value. At least this…
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Cotton and the Origins of Trans-Oceanic Trade | IEL Episode 3 - Part ACotton is a subtropical plant that grows just north of the Equator and across three continents: Africa, the Americas, and Asia. Despite European familiarity with cotton—thanks to Muslim and Asian traders—Europeans could not grow cotton. The cotton products they obtained were alre…
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Cotton is a subtropical plant that grows just north of the Equator and across three continents: Africa, the Americas, and Asia. Despite European familiarity with cotton—thanks to Muslim and Asian traders—Europeans could not grow cotton. The cotton products they obtained were already manufactured, denying them the greatest added-value. At least this…
  continue reading
 
Cotton is a subtropical plant that grows just north of the Equator and across three continents: Africa, the Americas, and Asia. Despite European familiarity with cotton—thanks to Muslim and Asian traders—Europeans could not grow cotton. The cotton products they obtained were already manufactured, denying them the greatest added-value. At least this…
  continue reading
 
Students are forever struggling to improve their writing skills. The goal, however, alludes, bobbing and weaving like a prize-fighter. In the following podcast, I detail steps you can undertake to achieve greater efficiency, even elegance, in your writing. Key to this is what I term 'segmenting'. By segmenting your writing, you can move through eac…
  continue reading
 
Students are forever struggling to improve their writing skills. The goal, however, alludes, bobbing and weaving like a prize-fighter. In the following podcast, I detail steps you can undertake to achieve greater efficiency, even elegance, in your writing. Key to this is what I term 'segmenting'. By segmenting your writing, you can move through eac…
  continue reading
 
International economic law is the regulatory regime for global capitalism. But what is capitalism and how did to rise to the status of sacred economic model? In this episode, I examine first the nature of markets as political and economic spaces. Next, I discuss historical developments in Europe that allowed for the emergence of a 'rational legal s…
  continue reading
 
International economic law is the regulatory regime for global capitalism. But what is capitalism and how did to rise to the status of sacred economic model? In this episode, I examine first the nature of markets as political and economic spaces. Next, I discuss historical developments in Europe that allowed for the emergence of a 'rational legal s…
  continue reading
 
International economic law is the regulatory regime for global capitalism. But what is capitalism and how did to rise to the status of sacred economic model? In this episode, I examine first the nature of markets as political and economic spaces. Next, I discuss historical developments in Europe that allowed for the emergence of a 'rational legal s…
  continue reading
 
International economic law is the regulatory regime for global capitalism. But what is capitalism and how did to rise to the status of sacred economic model? In this episode, I examine first the nature of markets as political and economic spaces. Next, I discuss historical developments in Europe that allowed for the emergence of a 'rational legal s…
  continue reading
 
In the third and fourth parts of the introductory episode, I describe the three major theories in international political economy: mercantilism, liberalism, and Marxism. Through its various iterations, international economic law has consistently been informed by the first two and critiqued by the third. Hints of the third are evident in some legal …
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In the third and fourth parts of the introductory episode, I describe the three major theories in international political economy: mercantilism, liberalism, and Marxism. Through its various iterations, international economic law has consistently been informed by the first two and critiqued by the third. Hints of the third are evident in some legal …
  continue reading
 
In the second part of the introductory episode, I describe the putative 'birth' of IEL. As observed before, it dates back to mercantilism, imperialism, and colonialism but many texts on IEL return to the period immediately following the Second Great European War for the beginning. Of particular interest in this part is the clash between Keynesianis…
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Central to the study of international law is international economic law. Indeed, much of what emerged in IL was provoked by the economic rapprochement of European nations during the mercantile period but also the plunder of the Third World pursued by the First. Of course, international economic law was not devised solely to mediate economic relatio…
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