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The internet of money is being built with blockchain technology and without banks. We call it DeFi, short for Decentralized Finance, and this is where you can hear the builders and users of this cutting edge world tell their stories first hand. Hosted by Camila Russo.
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Infinite Jungle

Galaxy Research

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This is a podcast about the evolution of Ethereum. Hosted weekly by Galaxy Research’s Christine Kim, the show dives into the ways Ethereum as an ecosystem is changing, covering broad trends and narratives that are shaping the way people use Ethereum and think about the value of Ethereum.
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Proof-of-PR

Kelley Weaver: Blockchain, Bitcoin, and cryptocurrency podcaster

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About Proof-of-PR: Your passport to the world of public relations and communications strategy for Bitcoin and Web3. An inside look into the future of finance, technology, and entrepreneurship from those driving innovation in the space. Join us as we learn how they generate headlines, cut through the noise and grow their brand awareness through media placements, press mentions and thought leadership. These are the stories behind their success. This --- is Proof-of-PR.
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show series
 
Immerse yourself in the future of decentralized infrastructure in this exclusive interview with Amira Valliana from the Solana Foundation. Perfect for Web3 enthusiasts, this episode unpacks how onchain solutions are redefining physical networks, policy, and global collaboration. Chapters & Key Topics: 00:00 Introduction to decentralized infrastruct…
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Lending and borrowing onchain has quickly become one of the most dynamic and fastest-growing sectors in Decentralized Finance (DeFi). Among the leaders in this space is Maple Finance, a platform that has already facilitated over $800M in assets, showcasing the growing adoption and practicality of tokenized private credit for institutions. By bridgi…
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On Ep. 92 of Infinite Jungle, Christine interviews Łukasz Rozmej and Marek Moraczyński from the Nethermind client team. Nethermind is the 2nd most popular Ethereum execution layer client used by close to 40% of all Ethereum node operators. Christine asks Łukasz and Marek about their thoughts on Ethereum upgrades Pectra and Fusaka, as well as their …
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Explore the future of intellectual property on the blockchain in this insightful interview with Jason Zhao. Discover how Story Protocol is revolutionizing the way creators protect, share, and license their work. By bringing IP and copyright onchain, the protocol streamlines the process, ensures compliance with state and national laws, and secures r…
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On Ep.91 of Infinite Jungle, Christine shares her main takeaways from ACDE #208 where developers set an ambitious date for Pectra activation on Ethereum mainnet. They also reconfirmed the inclusion of EOF in the Fusaka upgrade and agreed to pursue the largest version of EOF in Fusaka with the addition of a few new EIPs. Finally, Christine announces…
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On Ep. 90 of Infinite Jungle, Christine interviews Piper Merriam, an Ethereum Foundation researcher leading efforts for history expiry on Ethereum. History expiry enables Ethereum nodes to prune old block and transaction data from their databases. It is estimated to free up 100s of GB worth of hard disk space. It is also expected to open the design…
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On Ep.89 of Infinite Jungle, Christine shares her main takeaways from ACDC #153 where developers reconfirmed next steps for Pectra testing, discussed the strategy for history expiry, and debated the merits of EIP 7688 for the Fusaka upgrade. Show note links: Hoodi blockchain explorer (https://dora.hoodi.ethpandaops.io/) EIP 7688, Forward compatible…
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On Ep. 88 of Infinite Jungle, Christine interviews Camila Russo, the founder of The Defiant and author of The Infinite Machine. Christine speaks with Camila about how she started The Defiant, a news site that specializes in covering major developments in decentralized finance and on-chain activity. Christine also speaks with Camila about her views …
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On Ep.87 of Infinite Jungle, Christine shares her main takeaways from ACDE #207. Ethereum developers agreed on another new game plan for Pectra that involves the launch of a brand new public testnet called Hoodi. Hoodi will mimic Ethereum mainnet in almost every way, including Ethereum’s validator set size and network specifications. From genesis, …
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On Ep. 86 of Infinite Jungle, Christine interviews Ethereum Foundation Developer Operations Engineer Parithosh Jayanthi and Ethereum Foundation Geth Developer Marius van der Wijden about the recent Holesky and Sepolia testnet upgrades. Both upgrades resulted in major hot fixes to Ethereum clients. Jayanthi and van der Wijden explain why these resul…
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On Ep.85 of Infinite Jungle, Christine shares her main takeaways from ACDC #152 where Ethereum developers agreed on a new game plan for Pectra in the aftermath of the Holesky and Sepolia testnet upgrades. Developers will launch a clone or shadow fork of the Holesky testnet to support testing of the Pectra upgrade by the broader Ethereum ecosystem i…
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On Ep. 84 of Infinite Jungle, Christine interviews Hasu, Strategic Advisor to Lido and Strategy Lead at Flashbots. They discuss the importance of the Lido V3 upgrade, the risks it entails, and opportunities for improving Lido’s competitive value against centralized staking solutions. They also discuss the underperformance of ETH and what needs to c…
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On Ep.83 of Infinite Jungle, Christine shares her main takeaways from ACDE #206. The call was dedicated to figuring out next steps for the Holesky testnet. The testnet devolved into a state of non-finalization following Pectra activation. Developers misconfigured three out of five execution layer clients when upgrading Holesky. Fixes for these clie…
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On Ep. 82 of Infinite Jungle, Christine interviews Giulio Rebuffo, CTO of Erigon. At only 17 years old, Giulio started to contribute to Erigon, one of Ethereum’s open-source execution layer software clients. He was the main engineer for the Erigon team during the pivotal Merge upgrade and now 22, Giulio leads the Erigon team as CTO. Christine asks …
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On Ep.81 of Infinite Jungle, Christine shares her main takeaways from ACDC #151. On ACDC #151, developers agreed to finalize two new EIPs, EIP 7870 and 7872. Though neither of these EIPs require a hard fork to implement, they will still be official documents that live on in the Ethereum GitHub repository. EIP 7872 specifies how client teams should …
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Will Robinson, VP of Engineering at Coinbase, explores the company’s expanding role in decentralized finance (DeFi), highlighting the launch of Bitcoin-backed USDC loans through Morpho and Coinbase’s broader efforts to integrate DeFi solutions. He explains how Coinbase is working to connect centralized finance (CeFi) with DeFi by incorporating dece…
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On Ep. 80 of Infinite Jungle, Christine interviews Jon Charbonneau, Co-Founder and General Partner at crypto investment firm DBA. As an investor in the Ethereum, Solana, Celestia, and Bitcoin ecosystems, Christine asks Jon about his thoughts on Ethereum’s competitive advantages and technical roadmap. Jon explains the trap that many Ethereum stakeho…
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On Ep.79 of Infinite Jungle, Christine shares her main takeaways from ACDE #205. Ethereum developers are on track to upgrade public Ethereum testnets Holesky and Sepolia on February 24 and March 5, respectively. Christine reminds listeners that Pectra is the largest Ethereum upgrade by number of EIPs so there is heightened technical risk to activat…
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Bill Barhydt, Founder and CEO of Abra, discusses the evolving landscape of cryptocurrency markets and investment strategies in this week's The Defiant Podcast. He attributes Bitcoin’s price movements to macroeconomic factors, including U.S. monetary policy and liquidity cycles, and notes a growing trend of companies holding Bitcoin on their balance…
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On Ep. 78 of Infinite Jungle, Christine welcomes back Ethereum Foundation’s Nixo and Galaxy’s Yorick to the show. They have a mini-debrief session on the Pectra upgrade planning process and debate how useful exercises like a Pectra retrospective are to the evolution of Ethereum. They also discuss the pros and cons of creating minimum hardware and b…
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Kain Warwick, founder of Synthetix and Infinex, discusses the evolution of DeFi and the trade-offs required to improve user experience while maintaining decentralization. He explains how Infinex aims to offer a more accessible, centralized exchange-like interface while remaining non-custodial, addressing long-standing UX challenges in DeFi. Warwick…
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On Ep.77 of Infinite Jungle, Christine shares her main takeaways from ACDC #150. Concerns were raised from major Ethereum stakeholders representing Layer-2 rollup projects and staking pools about the timeline for Pectra mainnet activation being too hasty. Developers agreed to push back Pectra activation by a month and leave at least 30 days between…
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On Ep. 76 of Infinite Jungle, Christine speaks with CEO of Galaxy, Mike Novogratz, about the underperformance of ETH. ETH has been persistently lagging behind major coins like BTC and SOL for all of 2024 and so far into 2025. Mike speaks to this trend that has been confounding crypto enthusiasts and investors and explains why he is still optimistic…
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On Ep.75 of Infinite Jungle, Christine shares her main takeaways from ACDE #204. She offers her insights on the latest Pectra upgrade timeline and takeaways on the discussion about how to speed up the governance process of Ethereum. She explains why the governance process of Ethereum is unlikely to change, despite tweaks to its form and structure. …
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Preston Van Loon, an Ethereum core developer, joins The Defiant Podcast this week to discuss his role as a plaintiff in the high-profile Tornado Cash lawsuit against the U.S. Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC). He described how the sanctions imposed on Tornado Cash impacted legitimate users seeking privacy on Ethereum and underscore…
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Sam Kazemian, founder of Frax Finance, outlined the development and goals of FraxUSD, a decentralized stablecoin designed to integrate with both traditional finance and decentralized ecosystems. The upgraded FraxUSD offers redeemability through custodians like BlackRock and SuperState while providing competitive yields through diversified strategie…
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Zhouxun Yin, the Co-Founder of Magic Eden, joins The Defiant Podcast to discuss the evolution of one of the largest NFT marketplaces. In this episode, he shares the story behind Magic Eden’s founding, their decision to focus on Solana early on, and their multi-chain expansion strategy. Z dives into the challenges of navigating the bear market, enfo…
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Sandy Peng, co-founder of Scroll, tells us the journey of building one of the most anticipated Ethereum Layer 2s, their focus on ZK rollups for scalability, and the unique value proposition of high security, decentralization, and low costs. Sandy discusses Scroll's transition from general purpose chain design to supporting specific use cases driven…
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On Ep. 74 of Infinite Jungle, Christine speaks with Nixo, who works on the Protocol Support Team at the Ethereum Foundation, about her highlights from 2024 and hopes for the Ethereum ecosystem in 2025. Nixo also shares updates about the new staker deposit CLI tool maintained by EthStaker and her perspective on the Ethereum gas limit debate. Christi…
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On Ep. 73 of Infinite Jungle, Christine shares her takeaways on All Core Developers Execution (ACDE) Call #202, where Ethereum developers finalized Pectra Devnet 5 specifications. She also shares three outlooks for Ethereum in 2025 about Pectra, rollup adoption, and institutional adoption of $ETH. She discusses how a new regulatory environment next…
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On Ep. 72 of Infinite Jungle, Christine speaks with Robert Miller, Product Lead at Flashbots, and Lily Johnson, Rust Engineer at Astria Labs, about the launch of BuilderNet. BuilderNet is Flashbot’s latest product designed to enable collaborative block building on Ethereum. It allows third-party builders to create blocks based off shared private or…
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On Ep.71 of Infinite Jungle, Christine shares her main takeaways from ACDC #147. Notably, on this call, one of the main discussion topics was not about the Pectra upgrade. It was about community efforts to increase the Ethereum block gas limit. Though prominent community figureheads advocated for an increase, developers on this week’s call surfaced…
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Johann Kerbrat is the Vice President and General Manager of Robinhood Crypto, leading the charge in bringing crypto to millions of retail investors. In this episode, Johann shares the journey of Robinhood Crypto, from its early days of launching in 2018 to its recent innovations, including staking, self-custody wallets, and a potential shift toward…
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On Ep. 70 of Infinite Jungle, Christine chats with founder of ProbeLab, Yiannis Psaras, about a data-driven study his team conducted on Ethereum node bandwidth availability. The study (linked in the show notes) measured the bandwidth availability of 70% of online and reachable nodes in the Ethereum network. It found that the mean available bandwidt…
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On Ep.69 of Infinite Jungle, Christine shares her main takeaways from ACDC #146 and ACDE #201. Over the course of two developer calls, Ethereum developers agreed to include two new EIPs in the Pectra upgrade. Christine explains what these EIPs do and the decision-making process that led to their inclusion this late into the upgrade planning process…
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In this episode, Dimitry Gusakov, Community Staking Lead at Lido, discusses the protocol’s efforts to enhance decentralization and accessibility in Ethereum staking. He explains the launch of the Community Staking Module, which lowers barriers for individual validators while addressing concerns about centralization within the Ethereum ecosystem. Th…
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On Ep. 68 of Infinite Jungle, Christine chats with Prysm developers Terence Tsao and “Potuz” about their efforts to prepare EIP 7732, enshrined payload block separation, for the Fusaka upgrade. They discuss the benefits of EIP 7732 for Ethereum’s decentralization and censorship resistance, as well as some of the open questions and concerns related …
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On Ep.67 of Infinite Jungle, Christine shares her main takeaways from Devcon 2024. She shares her thoughts on the Beam Chain announcement and native rollups. She explains why the most compelling ideas shared at the conference were not related to Ethereum’s technical roadmap or ZK innovations, but rather ideas about the values and beliefs grounding …
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In this episode of The Defiant Podcast, Ethereum Foundation researcher Justin Drake dives deep into the Beam Chain proposal, a transformative upgrade aimed at accelerating Ethereum’s roadmap and enhancing its consensus layer. Justin explains how the Beam Chain would incorporate key innovations like SNARK proofs, quantum security, and single-slot fi…
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On Ep. 66 of Infinite Jungle, Christine chats with Dmitry Gusakov, Technical Lead for the Lido Community Staking Module (CSM), about the future of solo staking on Ethereum. Gusakov explains why he believes there will always be solo stakers on Ethereum staking 32 ETH directly on the network even if it’s an irrational behavior. He posits that a reali…
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On Ep.65 of Infinite Jungle, Christine talks about the main takeaways from All Core Developers Execution (ACDE) call #200 where developers talked about all the usual topics related to Pectra development, including devnet testing, specifications changes, and new EIPs. The newest EIP presented on the ACD calls was presented by Erigon developer Giulio…
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On Ep. 64 of Infinite Jungle, Christine chats with Dmitry Gusakov, Technical Lead for the Lido Community Staking Module (CSM), about the mainnet launch of the CSM. Gusakov explains how solo stakers can earn 2.3 times more rewards staking their ETH through the CSM than vanilla staking or staking 32 ETH on Ethereum directly. Gusakov shares the techni…
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On Ep.63 of Infinite Jungle, Christine talks about the main takeaways from All Core Developers Consensus (ACDC) call #145. Ethereum Foundation Developer Operations Engineer Barnabas Busa announced that his team has launched a public Pectra testnet called Mekong on Halloween, October 31, 2024. Mekong will be a long-lived testnet that application dev…
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Hart Lambur, co-founder of Across Protocol and UMA, discusses Across’s mission to enable fast, low-cost asset transfers between Ethereum layer twos, with a focus on creating a seamless user experience. He explains how the protocol’s “intent architecture” leverages third-party solvers to improve cross-chain interactions, offering a cohesive way for …
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On Ep. 62 of Infinite Jungle, Christine chats with Robert Miller, Product Lead at Flashbots, and Lily Johnson, Rust Engineer at Astria Labs, about the latest developments in the MEV space. Robert presents Rollup-Boost, a new platform for enabling various features on Layer-2 rollups such as fast confirmation times and transaction ordering rules. He …
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On Ep.61 of Infinite Jungle, Christine talks about the main takeaways from All Core Developers Execution (ACDE) call #199. On the latest call, developers reconfirmed the decision to include EIP 7742 in Pectra as a pre-requisite for a blob capacity increase. They also debated the merits of doubling the Ethereum block gas limit. Christine explains wh…
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Nana Murugesan, President of Matter Labs and former VP of Business Development at Coinbase, joins Camila Russo in this week’s podcast to discuss the latest updates from ZKsync, including the recently launched Elastic Chain. He explains how ZKsync’s approach to interoperability and customization aims to make Web3 infrastructure as seamless as Web2, …
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On Ep. 60 of Infinite Jungle, Christine interviews Keone Hon, Cofounder and CEO of Monad Labs. They speak about the technology behind Monad, an alternative Layer-1 blockchain. Keone explains the four key optimizations of Monad that will enable the network to scale the transaction throughput of Ethereum by 1,000x. He also explains how Monad is pursu…
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On Ep.59 of Infinite Jungle, Christine talks about the main takeaways from All Core Developers Consensus (ACDC) call #144. On the latest call, Ethereum developers agreed to include a new EIP in Pectra, EIP 7742. This code change will enable the Consensus Layer (CL) of Ethereum to dynamically set the network’s target and maximum blob gas limit. The …
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In this week’s podcast, Dylan Kawalec, Head of Developer Relations at Goat Network, discusses the Goat Founders Club, which is a new initiative aimed at empowering developers and entrepreneurs to build on the Bitcoin Layer 2 ecosystem. He explains how the program incentivizes builders through a unique points reward system that can be converted into…
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